Auditing theory and practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reviewing hypothesis and practice - Essay Example fy these shortcomings or considered as dangers related with these fiscal reports, we perform similar year-on-year and proportion investigations which might be successful for us to recognize conceivable issue zones for extra examination and review testing and for which we can give other help. Among other: The company’s momentary obligation paying capacity. We break down the company’s liquidity status, for example, its present proportion is 1.28 (lower than 1.31 in 2004) yet it demonstrates that the organization ought to have adequate reserve to pay its transient obligations. Our count likewise shows that the organization will be capable gather the sum owed by its clients, with the exception of the normal day of gathering installment of 82 days (15 days longer than the earlier year). This may have an effect on negative income. Since the organization doesn't have adequate money to meet its momentary commitments, the organization may consider stretching the time it takes to change over less fluid resources into money. Momentary liquidity. The company’s asset report shows that it has negative money balance. Almost certainly, the organization or that the record shows that the organization can't meet its commitment. In this way, its obligation paying capacity would be the time allotment it takes the organization to change over its present resources into money. The company’s monetary record shows an immense measure of bank overdraft. If there should arise an occurrence of essential, the organization has 2.5 occasions money turnover rate (somewhere near .89), 4.36 occasions of receivables turnover rate (somewhere around .94), can recuperate the estimation of its fixed resources 51.17 (down from 56.93), and over every, 2.5 time (down from 3.2) opportunity to change over its benefits into money to cover bank over draft. With the nonattendance of stock, it might be conceivable that the organization is having stock outdated nature issue. Capacity to meet long haul obligation commitments. The company’s obligation to-value proportion is 3.35, down from 3.97 in 2004. There is a likelihood that the organization would have the option to raise subsidize through obtaining.

Nutrition and Aging free essay sample

This article covers a few reasons of eating well as we age because of changes happening gradually after some time in all the body frameworks. These progressions are impacted by life occasions, sicknesses, hereditary attributes and financial elements. It is noted, while we age, we lose slender weight. This diminished bulk incorporates skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and muscle that hinder crucial organ work, with loss of cardiovascular muscle maybe the most basic. Cardiovascular limit can be decreased and heart work disabled by interminable maladies, for example, hypertension or diabetes. Changes additionally happen in the kidneys, lungs and liver, and hamper the bodies’ capacity to create new protein tissue. In addition, maturing can slow the invulnerable frameworks reaction in making antibodies moreover, loss of slender weight likewise implies decreased body water for 72 percent of complete body water is in fit muscle tissue. In like manner, while we age, muscle to fat ratio builds all the more so from expending such a large number of calories. We will compose a custom paper test on Nourishment and Aging or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Nourishment can be a factor in the entirety of the progressions noted previously. In any case, the easing back of the ordinary activity of the stomach related tract in addition to general changes have the most immediate impact on nourishment. Stomach related emissions reduce, in spite of the fact that proteins stay sufficient. Sufficient dietary fiber, instead of expanded utilization of intestinal medicines, will keep up standard inside capacity and not meddle with the assimilation and retention of supplements, which is the thing that frequently happens with purgative use or misuse. Calorie needs change because of more muscle to fat ratio and less fit muscle. Less action can additionally diminish calorie needs. The test for the old is to meet indistinguishable supplement needs from when they were more youthful, yet expend less calories. The response to this issue is to pick nourishments high in supplements corresponding to their calories. Such nourishments are viewed as supplement thick. For instance, low-fat milk is more supplement thick than standard milk. Its supplement content is the equivalent, however it has less calories since it has less fat. It additionally turns out to be increasingly significant that diets contain enough calcium, fiber, iron, protein, and the nutrients A, C, D and that enhancements are included on the off chance that they are not expending enough from their customary eating regimen. As we age, water is still very important, despite the fact that it shows up we are evaporating from the back to front, we have to drink a lot of fluids for the duration of the day,

Dealing With a Partner Who Doesnt Want Change

Dealing With a Partner Who Doesnt Want Change Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems Print Dealing With a Partner Who Doesnt Want Change By Sheri Stritof Sheri Stritof has written about marriage and relationships for 20 years. Shes the co-author of The Everything Great Marriage Book. Learn about our editorial policy Sheri Stritof Updated on October 01, 2018 More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Does your spouse complain about not feeling well but wont see a doctor? Does your partner make plans for a romantic evening or getaway with you and then ruin it by being too tired or not feeling well? Does your partner make promises that arent kept? Does your spouse acknowledge that there are problems in your relationship but refuses to change behaviors or see a  marriage counselor with you? If your answer is yes to all or most of these questions, it sounds like you have a spouse or partner who either refuses or is not motivated to change. The frustration of your spouses lack of follow-through on good intentions, or saying one thing and then doing another, or breaking promises can slowly erode both the emotional and physical intimacy in your marriage.  This frustration can be heightened if your spouse refuses to seek marriage counseling  with you. What can you do when faced with a spouse who has a serious problem or troubling behavior? Here are some examples of a spouses behavior that may destroy or cause major friction  in your marriage:?? gamblinggetting drunk often or drinking too muchspending too much moneyhaving a very negative attitudenot able to hold down a jobemotionally or physically abusivedoesnt make time for the children or youfrequently unfaithful   If your spouse wont change, isnt willing to work on improving your marriage, or wont seek help, you may be on the path to divorce. Although it isnt easy to cope with this type of situation, heres some guidance on how you can deal with a difficult marriage when only one of you wants change. There are no easy answers when your spouse can see no reason for a change. Some situations can be dealt with and other situations are deal-breakers. Only you know what you can tolerate and still be emotionally healthy yourself. You Cant Change Your Spouse Accept that you cant change your spouse. You can only change yourself and your own reactions. Changing your own behavior may trigger your spouse to want to make changes.??Respond differently to difficult situations. If youve had the same argument over and over, state that you will not rehash the issue and leave the room. If youve not expressed your feelings previously, share how you feel with your spouse.Never endanger yourself or your children by remaining in an  abusive situation. Know Yourself Get to know yourself and look at your own attitudes, behaviors, expectations, hopes, dreams, memories, concerns, behavior triggers, fears, etc. Ask yourself how long you think you can stay in your marriage if things dont improve.Consider individual counseling to prevent feeling depressed or helpless, to understand your role in the conflict in your marriage, and to clarify your plans for your future.??Decide which of your spouses negative behaviors you can live with and which ones are deal-breakers. Decide if you are able to adjust to the irritating and hurtful situations in your marriage or not. Face The Issues Realize that your spouse may not be as frustrated and unhappy as you are.While sharing your love for your spouse, express your concerns and fears about the future of your marriage. If you are having doubts about your love, make a list of what you love about your partner.Dont postpone having a conversation with your spouse to identify the behaviors and face the issues that are creating problems in your marriage.?? Strategies for Difficult Conversations   Pick a location for the conversation that is free of distractions.Choose a time when neither of you is tired.Be warm and not confrontational.Dont lecture.Stay on the topic.Identify the problem.Clarify how the problem is impacting your marriage.Talk about what you want in your relationship, not about what you dont want. Discuss what makes you both happy and fulfilled.??Brainstorm and discuss solutions to the problem. Bring up the possibility of marriage counseling.Agree to set a time frame to re-evaluate how things are going.Try saying something like this: We disagree a lot and its causing disconnection between us. Thats why I would like for us to go to seek couples therapy. or I love you and I care about us. I need some help in learning how to communicate with you better. I would like to try counseling with you. Re-Evaluate If things are not going well when the two of you are ready to re-evaluate your marriage issues, think about these questions: Is this a temporary crisis or the end of your marriage?What is the best thing that could happen if you stay together?What is the best thing that could happen if you divorce?What is the worst thing that could happen if you stay together?What is the worst thing that could happen if you divorce?Even if you believe your marriage is over, try one more time. Dont leave without telling your spouse you dont think the two of you can save your marriage without professional help.

Dealing With a Partner Who Doesnt Want Change

Dealing With a Partner Who Doesnt Want Change Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems Print Dealing With a Partner Who Doesnt Want Change By Sheri Stritof Sheri Stritof has written about marriage and relationships for 20 years. Shes the co-author of The Everything Great Marriage Book. Learn about our editorial policy Sheri Stritof Updated on October 01, 2018 More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Does your spouse complain about not feeling well but wont see a doctor? Does your partner make plans for a romantic evening or getaway with you and then ruin it by being too tired or not feeling well? Does your partner make promises that arent kept? Does your spouse acknowledge that there are problems in your relationship but refuses to change behaviors or see a  marriage counselor with you? If your answer is yes to all or most of these questions, it sounds like you have a spouse or partner who either refuses or is not motivated to change. The frustration of your spouses lack of follow-through on good intentions, or saying one thing and then doing another, or breaking promises can slowly erode both the emotional and physical intimacy in your marriage.  This frustration can be heightened if your spouse refuses to seek marriage counseling  with you. What can you do when faced with a spouse who has a serious problem or troubling behavior? Here are some examples of a spouses behavior that may destroy or cause major friction  in your marriage:?? gamblinggetting drunk often or drinking too muchspending too much moneyhaving a very negative attitudenot able to hold down a jobemotionally or physically abusivedoesnt make time for the children or youfrequently unfaithful   If your spouse wont change, isnt willing to work on improving your marriage, or wont seek help, you may be on the path to divorce. Although it isnt easy to cope with this type of situation, heres some guidance on how you can deal with a difficult marriage when only one of you wants change. There are no easy answers when your spouse can see no reason for a change. Some situations can be dealt with and other situations are deal-breakers. Only you know what you can tolerate and still be emotionally healthy yourself. You Cant Change Your Spouse Accept that you cant change your spouse. You can only change yourself and your own reactions. Changing your own behavior may trigger your spouse to want to make changes.??Respond differently to difficult situations. If youve had the same argument over and over, state that you will not rehash the issue and leave the room. If youve not expressed your feelings previously, share how you feel with your spouse.Never endanger yourself or your children by remaining in an  abusive situation. Know Yourself Get to know yourself and look at your own attitudes, behaviors, expectations, hopes, dreams, memories, concerns, behavior triggers, fears, etc. Ask yourself how long you think you can stay in your marriage if things dont improve.Consider individual counseling to prevent feeling depressed or helpless, to understand your role in the conflict in your marriage, and to clarify your plans for your future.??Decide which of your spouses negative behaviors you can live with and which ones are deal-breakers. Decide if you are able to adjust to the irritating and hurtful situations in your marriage or not. Face The Issues Realize that your spouse may not be as frustrated and unhappy as you are.While sharing your love for your spouse, express your concerns and fears about the future of your marriage. If you are having doubts about your love, make a list of what you love about your partner.Dont postpone having a conversation with your spouse to identify the behaviors and face the issues that are creating problems in your marriage.?? Strategies for Difficult Conversations   Pick a location for the conversation that is free of distractions.Choose a time when neither of you is tired.Be warm and not confrontational.Dont lecture.Stay on the topic.Identify the problem.Clarify how the problem is impacting your marriage.Talk about what you want in your relationship, not about what you dont want. Discuss what makes you both happy and fulfilled.??Brainstorm and discuss solutions to the problem. Bring up the possibility of marriage counseling.Agree to set a time frame to re-evaluate how things are going.Try saying something like this: We disagree a lot and its causing disconnection between us. Thats why I would like for us to go to seek couples therapy. or I love you and I care about us. I need some help in learning how to communicate with you better. I would like to try counseling with you. Re-Evaluate If things are not going well when the two of you are ready to re-evaluate your marriage issues, think about these questions: Is this a temporary crisis or the end of your marriage?What is the best thing that could happen if you stay together?What is the best thing that could happen if you divorce?What is the worst thing that could happen if you stay together?What is the worst thing that could happen if you divorce?Even if you believe your marriage is over, try one more time. Dont leave without telling your spouse you dont think the two of you can save your marriage without professional help.

Personal Culture And My Family Culture Essay - 2114 Words

While looking upon my personal culture and my family’s culture in an attempt to find appropriate dishes for this assignment, it became apparent to me that I have no definite culture. Whereas I have lived in Canada my whole life, my family’s background has engaged me in varying cultures, though I have never felt truly attuned to one culture. On the other hand, my father is a first generation Canadian, his parents both from Scotland. Though aware of my Scottish origins and my grandparents’ migration to Canada, Scottish culture has never been explicitly celebrated amongst those in my family. Furthermore, my family previously migrated from Ireland during the Irish famine, resulting in Irish culture to also represented in my family’s culture. Variously, my mother’s side of the family has lived in Canada for many generations, but I do not consider myself as being authentically Canadian. Accordingly, throughout my childhood, I was never encouraged to celeb rate an explicit culture. Furthermore, religion was never prominent in my life either, as my parents decided against baptizing any of my siblings and me, as per the family tradition, because they wished for us to have religious freedom. However, because of the rest of my family’s religion, as well as my background, my family has always celebrated Christian holidays, though I have never been to church for a reason other than a wedding. I find that without any cultural ties from my family’s history and practices, that the culture IShow MoreRelatedMexican Culture929 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor English 111 14 February 2013 Mexican and College Culture The word culture comes from the Latin â€Å"cultura† that means cultivation or improvement. It is the way that a person can improve through education, and ideals from other people. Nowadays, culture defines a group of people with the same interest and traditions. Mexican and college culture have many characteristics but the three more significant characteristics between the two cultures are values, beliefs, and important objects. Read MoreDifferences Between The And Religious Groups1195 Words   |  5 Pagesinvolvements to their neighborhood associates. We live in a diverse nation, with each individual governed by their personal values and beliefs, while endeavoring to spread synchrony and unity. When it comes to understanding families, society should both emphasize the similarities that exist across ethnoracial and religious groups, and emphasize the differences that give these groups their unique culture and identity. We should value differences, as â€Å"the different abilities, interests, attitudes, and valuesRead MoreLooking into Personal Space862 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Personal space is a region of defended space surrounding someone. Trends of personal-space utilization might differ across human societies. Personal space varies from other kinds of defended space by being an encompassing bubble, which progresses with the person† (Psychology Dictionary). Defining an individual’s perso nal space can be difficult for because this boundary is often different between countries, environments and societal upbringings. An individual space may be different from person toRead MoreAnalysis Of Kenneth V. Hardy And Tracey A. Laszloffy1401 Words   |  6 Pagesa different perspective. After conducting my interviews I had the opportunity to get to learn more about my family and I in terms of culture. Kenneth V. Hardy and Tracey A. Laszloffy (1995), explained that one does not become conscious of actions, thoughts, or biases until they are processed intellectually, which is what this assignment allowed for. With that said, I will discuss and identify personal assumptions and biases I held of my interviewees, my ethnic and cultural heritage and the positive/negativeRead MoreCultural Assimilation Of Hispanic Immigrants996 Words   |  4 Pagescoming into the United States, the difference between the American and the Latin cultures is what has caused a huge hurdle that immigra nts have found hard to overpass. This obstacle has caused many generations to go through cultural assimilation. Mize et al. (2012) explain that cultural assimilation is the adaptation of immigrants to unfamiliar cultural patterns, which include language and the value systems of other cultures. In order for immigrants to be successful in another country, which is notRead MoreHeritage Assessment1510 Words   |  7 Pages Heritage Assessment: Comparing Cultural Health Traditions Monica V. Poehner Grand Canyon University: Family Centered Health Promotion November 16, 2013 Heritage Assessment: Comparing Cultural Health Traditions Culture and heritage are the properties that make up a way of life for a specific population. As referenced by South African History Online (n.d.), â€Å"Culture should be regarded as the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society orRead MoreMy Own Culture, Race, Ethnicity, And Kinship1374 Words   |  6 Pagesown culture, race, ethnicity, and kinship is an important aspect to describing an individual. This relationship can be effected in terms of physical appearance and social situations within ones everyday life. Throughout my own life, family and kinship has positively influenced my own values and morals. Because of these aspects, I have experienced some stereotypes of my own race. Throughout my life, my family has impacted how I have looked upon my own morals and values. I grew up within my nuclearRead MoreGlobalization, The Unattainable Goal884 Words   |  4 PagesAppiah’s meaning for globalization is more specific and on a personal, family, and religious level with acceptance as his basis. His approach to globalization is what appears to be perception based, outside of what his family beliefs are. Foer perceives globalization culture as, observed through sports, specifically soccer, family influence, and other means to preserve globalization change as Americans. As each author sees the world of globalization in their own way, they actually compliment eachRead MoreCulture Is The Big Things And The Little Things1163 Words   |  5 PagesMeaning of Culture Culture means the big things and the little things. Culture to me is the big, little, and everything in between. For a while I wasn’t sure what culture was. When I found out I realized I needed to find out what it meant to me. What I decided was this, Culture is family, traditions, and values. Culture is what I want to carry down to my children and the way I live my life. It is what I grew up with and around and how I will understand the choices of my life later on. Culture is so importantRead MoreCulture Is The Most Visible Face Of A Society937 Words   |  4 Pages Culture is a concept that has broad connotations with many different interpretations, it relates to all aspects of physical life and spiritual life of the human. According to anthropologists, culture is the major way in which humans adapt to their environments and give meaning to their lives. Or in other words, culture is the most visible face of a society. If we take a look into culture, we can see most of aspec ts of a whole society. For example, in everyday life, culture is generally understood

The Restrictive Only / Not Only in French

There are two common French equivalents for the restrictive only in English: seulement and ne... que. These two terms mean essentially the same thing, but seulement is an adverb of quantity while ne... que is a negative adverb, so theyre used a bit differently Seulement: Only The simplest way to say only in French is with the adverb seulement, which can qualify a noun, verb, or clause.Jai seulement un livre.I have only one book. Il voit seulement les films à ©trangers.He only sees foreign movies. Note how the placement of seulement can change the meaning: Jai lu seulement deux pages pour te faire plaisir.I read only two pages to please you. (You didnt want  me to read more.) Jai lu deux pages seulement pour te faire plaisir.I read two pages only to please you. (I didnt feel like reading, but I did it for you.) Il veut seulement travailler à   la banque.He only wants to work at the bank. (He doesnt want to invest there). Il veut travailler seulement à   la banque.He wants to work only at the bank. (He doesnt want to work at the store). Ne... Que: Only in the Negative An equally common but slightly more complicated way to say only is with ne... que, which is used similarly to other negative adverbs: ne goes in front of the verb and que  usually follows it.Je nai quun livre.I have only one book.Il ne voit que les films à ©trangers.He sees only foreign movies.As with seulement, you can change the meaning by placing que directly in front of the word you want to qualify.Je nai lu que deux pages pour te faire plaisir.I read only two pages to please you.Je nai lu deux pages que pour te faire plaisir.I read two pages only to please you.Il ne veut que travailler à   la banque.He only wants to work at the bank.Il ne veut travailler quà   la banque.He wants to work only at the bank.Note that indefinite and partitive articles do not change to de after ne... que, the way they do after other negative adverbs:Je nai quun livre.I have only one book.Il ne veut que des idà ©es.He only wants ideas, Hes just looking for some ideas. Negation: Not Only To say not only, you can negate ne... que into ne... pas que, which can stand alone or be followed by additional information: Je nai pas que 3 livres (jai 2 stylos aussi).I dont have only 3 books (I have 2 pens too)Il ny a pas que le travail (il faut vivre aussi).Work isnt all there is; theres more [to life] than just work.Il nà ©tait pas quen retard....He wasnt just late (theres more to it than that). Seulement Seulement has two negatives. The first one, ne... pas seulement is pretty much interchangeable with ne... pas que.Je nai pas seulement 3 livres...I dont have only 3 books ...Il ny a pas seulement le travail....Work isnt all there is...Il nà ©tait pas seulement en retard....He wasnt just late... Non-Seulement The other negative,  non seulement, cannot be used in a stand-alone clause; it must be balanced with something like aussi, mais encore, etc.Il y a non seulement le travail  ; il faut vivre aussi.Work isnt all there is; you have to live too. Non seulement jai 3 livres, mais aussi 2 stylos.I dont have only 3 books, I have 2 pens too.Non seulement il à ©tait en retard, mais encore il à ©tait ivre.He was not only late, but drunk (too). Not only was he late, he was (also) drunk.

Hi Im Cool - 2335 Words

Fabian Mora Ms. Welch English Honors 1 March 20 2012 The Merchant of Venice Act III, i 1.) Salerio and Solanio are designed to reflect Venetian society at large because they show what is happening to inform the audience. They are also very nosey and hate Jews like the entire Venetians do. 2.) It is such a crisis for Shylock that his daughter converted and married a Christian because when Jessica left she stole a lot of his precious jewels and money. Tubal claims that she is spending it and it hurts him because he does not want to lose money. 3.) Shylock channels his grief over Jessica’s leaving into anger over Antonio because Antonio has a debt with Shylock that he has yet finished to pay off. 4.) Salerio and Solanio’s†¦show more content†¦2.) Solanio thinks that the duke will forgive the forfeiture because Shylock is a Jew. Antonio does not because he believes that a deal is a deal and if he breaks one then many of the other deals that are made amongst others would be broken as well. 3.) In Venetian power is the key to success and along with power comes money and fame which are both needed to gain respect in any city. Shylock would be the best man for this if he was not a Jew. Act III, iv 1.) Portia considered helping Antonio because Bassanio is best friends with him and they are very much alike. She believes that they have the same soul and she too has the same soul as Bassanio. 2.) Portia tells Lorenzo that she and Nerissa will go to a monastery and pray for her husband and that she wants Lorenzo and Jessica to take care of their home while they are gone. Their actually plan is to go to Venice and meet their husbands disguised as men. 3.) Portia’s opinion of men is that they lie immensely to get for other men to like them. She believes that they should dress up with swords and should walk with a big stride. 4.) Portia has a long sword and is going to walk with big steps also speaking like a teenage boy. 5.) Jessica’s cross-dressing was also meant to see her love just like P ortia and Nerissa’s. Each purpose serves so they are not caughtShow MoreRelatedA / N So This Is My Second Story From Recxrds1159 Words   |  5 PagesWell im sorry that I want everything clean! I mean you just lazy around here everyday throwing trash everywhere and I have to clean up after you! I love Marnie but she can be a real drag sometimes. You see Marnie and me were best friends throughout middle school and high school. After we both graduated we applied to the same college. We both got accepted and now we are roomates. Its not my fault, and you know that Marnie. You know I just got out a really bad relationship and Im tryingRead MoreMy Favorite Toys Growing Up1598 Words   |  7 Pagesthe daycare, where I would eat and play until my parents picked me up. In the area I live in there is the middle school Davis where I went to, there s a library across the street from my house, and some of my friends live close to me which is pretty cool. Also next to my house is a community center with a nice basketball gym called Edenvale. At Edenvale I played there for Middle school at Davis and for the YMCA on the weekends. I have a lot of good memories in that gym since I ve played there so manyRead MoreSorry Not Sorry, It Is My Fault1144 Words   |  5 PagesSorry†¦not sorry. Any â€Å"good† apology has three parts: Im sorry, it is my fault, what can I do to fix it. Most apologies are missing parts two and three. Most people have a hard time owning up to their own mistakes so they give a â€Å"n o fault† apology. It’s an apology without an actual apology. In other words, â€Å"It’s the best way to say I’m sorry, without really meaning it† (Reilly 433). Public figures, such as an athlete, or celebrity use this apology mostly to do â€Å"major damage control for bad behaviorRead MoreReview Of Danielle s Pov 1014 Words   |  5 Pagesopen and we see a pink eye peeking through the door. Y-yes, do you need something? the now known female asked. Um, yes we were sent here by our family for some reason. I reply. O-oh, come in so we can talk about it. OK my name is Miea, and- IM DANIELLE, BOW PEASANT!!!!! I smack the back of her head Ouch... She leads us to a....living room? I don t even know what it is. Yui who are these two? A man with glasses who appears out of nowhere said. Um, they appeared at the door and saidRead MoreThe Lean Startup By Eric Ries1237 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment cycle streamlining, hypothesis driven experimentation, and early-adopter feedback . The business strategy model of the same name as the book’s was developed using Ries’s years of experience as an employee, startup advisor, and co-founder of IM messaging service IMVU to create a business strategy that forgoes traditional entrepreneurial methods for a more modern approach. Some core concepts of the Lean Startup method include validated learning which is a hypothesis driven analysis of the differentRead MoreRemember the Titans Notes885 Words   |  4 PagesYoast is his right hand men. We are change (Boone) symbolism for the team changing the society. Zooming in on yoast for disapproval. Man I dont have any people . Im with everybody, Julius. Very slight low angle shot. Position of power. Positioning/ Split apart while there is a gap between them. Contrast in their speech. The white boy is not very aware. Im just down home no good never going to no college white trash man All right! †¢ I am gonna look out for myself and Im gonna getRead MoreThe Second Murder - Original Writing1090 Words   |  5 Pagesoutside. But what he found would not be at all what he was expecting when he stepped out of his house in a quite superb. To back track Christopher’s mom came back to swindon with christopher, later Mr.Shears followed her there. When he got there Mr.Shears argued with Christopher s mother. Christopher happened to overhear them. What christopher heard was upsetting to him. He heard Mr.Shears telling his mom that christopher was a useless child and he would never amount to anything and he was moreRead MoreReflection Of A Long Time968 Words   |  4 Pageswith his love so we will never run out of it. When you have God at the top of your list, you won’t need money, sex, or a boyfriend to feel worthy. You are not some toy that guys can just toss around and play with. You are the daughter of a king and that leads me to my third reason, Because you a re so worthy, you can not ust let some random little boy come into your life. If a man is willing to wait for and with you, then you not only know he recognize your worth, but you’ll also know that his heartRead MoreThe Dangers of Alcoholism828 Words   |  3 Pagesstop. I’ve seen many people try and fail. But there is one man i know that was able to beat his addiction. My grandfather from my mom side of the family. He would get drunk everyday. He was on the verge of dying and he still didnt stop drinking. Thats until my mother talked to him. he told him all the things that she felt about his drinking. I think that really must of hut his heart because its been 13 years since he last drank a beer or any type of alcohol. ButRead MoreShort Story1136 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"This is it†, muttered Max, his words shattering the silence of his study as he entered coordinates into his computer. A misty grey image flashed up on the screen. Max Lancaster looked at it immediately. Despite the blurring of the image, Max could see a tall geometric structure positioned only meters away from several small trenches. When he enlarged the image and raised the contrast level, the image gave further clarity and detail. Max took a deep breath and made a slow, gentle whistle as

Communication model for mass communication - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCommunication model for mass communication. Answer: Diagnosis and Reflection The purpose of the report is to analyse the different communication skills that can be used by individuals for improving the level of communication. The focus of the report is on the set of skills that are required for gaining success at a professional level. The report analysis certain tools that help an individual to understand own flaws and make rectifications based on those flaws. Apart from this, the report provides a literature review that highlights the possible solutions to the issues related to communication. Models related to communication are also discussed that provides a detailed analysis of the methods of communication. The report provides a self-reflection of the researcher that deals with ways to improve the communication techniques. I have taken the assistance of five diagnostic tools that can help me to determine the level of communication that I possess. These tools can help me analyse my communication skills and make rectifications based on the results. As stated by Cardon (2015) communication tools is essential in order to identify any type of error of an individual. The rating given while solving the questionnaire provides an understanding of the areas of improvement that is required. It helps in understanding the personality of the people by solving questionnaires that help in identifying the level of confidence that an individual possesses. The five tools that have been used in this case include: The Non-verbal Immediacy Scale Self-report (NIS-S) Self-Perceive Communication Competency Scale (SPCC) Confidence level while making presentation Soft skills test Verbal Communication test These skills are essential as it helps me to understand the areas in which I need to develop myself and the style of communication that is adopted by me. Every communication tool has a different set of questionnaires that help in the assessment of these factors and make rectifications based on the results of the questionnaires. For example, the Non-verbal Immediacy Scale-Self-analyses are used to understand the positive nature of the individuals and the manner in which they perceive other people. In similar fashion, the Self-Perceive Communication Competency Scale is used to analyse the communication skill that is required in various situations. It has been seen that the reaction and the communication style of people changes in every situation (Argenti, 2015). The third tool is used to assess the confidence level an individual possess while making presentations. This tool helps in understanding the confidence and the relaxation level of an individual while making a presentation. The fourth tool that has been analysed is known as the soft skills test. In the modern days, it is one of the most important tools as it helps in assessing the level at which one can analyse people (Shwom Snyder, 2015). It is important in every profession to have a skill that can help in the conversation with people for effective purposes. The fifth tool is the verbal communication test that helps to understand the ease with which a particular task can be carried out without the help of other people. The tools that have been used have produced different results that have helped in a proper analysis of my skills. The clarity of the analysis has helped me to understand the communication level that I possess. For example, after conducting the test on Non-verbal Immediacy Scale-Self it has been seen that my positive feeling towards people is low. The score that I received that is 78 indicates the low level of trust that I have on people. Thus, it can be concluded that I have a tendency to not trust people and feel that they may not influence me in a positive manner. This is one of the reasons behind my low score in this test. As suggested by Tuna, Gulez Gungor (2013) trusting people or feeling a sense of positivity towards the people is an essential factor particular in a professional field. The test suggests that I need to improve this skill (Refer to Appendix 1 for test result). The second test that I undertook is the Self-Perceive Communication Competency test. This test is used to understand the competency level required to communicate at every aspect of life. These aspects include public, meeting, group, dyad, stranger, acquaintance and friend. My test result varied in the competency level after every aspect. The lowest rating that I got was in the meeting aspect while my overall rating was 65.8. This indicates that I have a medium competency level and that other people can easily distract me. A higher value of competency level indicates that the self-perceived communication of the individuals is strong. In my case, I need to be guided by other people but at the same time, I can be competent enough to make decisions in any of the aspects of life and profession (Refer to Appendix 2 for test result). The next test that I undertook included the understanding of my level of confidence while making a presentation. This is an important aspect in a professional field as most business meetings and deals are done with the help of making a presentation. In this test, the scoring pattern ranged from 14-70. My test results showed that I secured a score of 48. This indicates the fact that my presentations will be appreciated for only a brief moment. I have a typical average presentation style and people can appreciate with at the same time criticising it due to lack of clarity of the messages (Refer to Appendix 3 for test result). The next test that I had undertaken is the soft skills test. This test helped me to understand the level at which I can manage people. This is important particularly for applying for jobs at the managerial level or being a leader of a group. The skill level in this test ranges from 16-80 and my test result was showed to be 54. This is again an indication of the mediocre nature of my communication skills. This indicates that I tend to remain under pressure in critical situations by like to work and collaborate with groups (Refer to Appendix 4 for test result). The fifth test is the verbal communication test that indicates the level at which I need to depend upon my co-workers for carrying out a particular task. The test scores range from 20-110 and my score was 104. This indicates that I am willing to work with other people but I have to refine my skills to match the skills of my co-workers. The areas that I need to improve include paying attention to non-verbal cues, accurately paraphrase work and ability to remain calm during challenging situations (Refer to Appendix 5 for test result). After analysing the results of the tests, I can analyse my drawbacks and work on improving the skills. For example, I need to work on three aspects of the verbal communication that can help me to be more successful in future. The ability to remain calm during challenging times is important to ensure that I can handle the situations smoothly. Apart from this, I also need to improve my NIS-S level, as I need to trust people more often. This can be considered as a contrast as based on the analysis of the verbal communication and the soft skills test I tend to work well with other people. Hence, I need to ensure that contrasting characteristic of my communication level is solved effectively. In this regard, two incidents can be described that failures of my communication. The first issue that I encountered was my inability to understand the non-verbal cues. The incident occurred during a programme in which my companion was asking me to move an object by providing hand signals as verbal communication was inaudible at the time. The situation occurred about a month ago in which I was to move a stray nail that was left on stage due to some casualness. My inability to understand the gestures made to me had a negative effect as one of the performers suffered serious injury due to the stray nail. This caused a lot of commotion and I was reprimanded for my incompetence of understanding non-verbal gestures. This incident made me realise the importance of non-verbal communication and the reaction that I need to provide during such challenging times. The second issue that occurred was during a presentation at my institution. I was unable to present a presentation that can create a lasting impression in the mind of my assessors. This created problem in my grade as the average marks that I received was not enough for a quality result. The presentation lacked clarity and the information provided was based totally on general research. Hence, it is another aspect that I need to work on so that I can make better and more detailed presentation in the future. This is important for me in the future, if I am to be manager or leader someday. Hence, I need to develop both the skills for a successful career growth. Literature review Concept of communication and its issues McQuail Windahl (2015) stated that one of the most convenient ways of transferring information, feelings and thoughts from one place to another is communication. People need to communicate with one another in order to ensure that their thoughts are cleared and that they can add a sense of purpose in their lives. Communication can be done either by verbally transmitting the messages or by non-verbal communication. Both are a common form so communication, however, the non-verbal form is used in situations that prevent the occurrence of verbal communication. The verbal communication, on the other hand, is more common as people can use words to communicate any messages. To understand the areas in which communication can be improved tools are developed that provide clarity of the situations. According to Hampf and Mller-Pohl (2013), it is important to understand the flaws so that proper communication takes place at the local and global level. One of the most forms of communication flaws is the ability to understand sign languages (Peleckien Polajeva 2016). Most people fail to understand the sign languages mainly because they are not trained on that subject. However, the basic gestures can be understood clearly and actions can be taken by understanding the sign language. The issue highlighted in the first example provides an idea of the inability to understand sign languages. It is an important form of development that an individual need to make as in most occasions verbal communication is not possible between the people. The second issue that I faced was my lack of confidence to provide a proper presentation. Popp, Raneburger Kaindl (2013) observed that making a proper presentation is an important form of communication medium, as most people cannot express their feelings in words. Pictorial presentation of thoughts can help people understand the messages that are provide to them and accordingly they can provide responses. To solve the issues it is necessary for individuals to maintain the manner by understanding the nature and importance of the messages. Hence, certain models can be used that highlight the manner in which transferring of messages can take place between individuals. Models related to communication According to Chaney and Martin (2013), communication needs to be developed between the individuals so that flaws in understanding do not take place. In this regard, it is essential to develop certain models that can help in addressing these issues. One such model of communication that can be used is Belos model. Belos model provides evidence that the sender and the receiver need to be alert so that they can intercept the messages with ease. Commonly this model is referred to as the SMCR model as the factors that are required for the effective transmission of messages is analysed with the help of the common components. The factors include a basic understanding of the messages that are required for the proper transmission and interpretation of messages. The channels used for maintaining communication includes the assistance of the basic senses of human beings (Evans et al., 2017). These include sight, hear, feel, smell and taste. The five senses need to function together for the proper transmission of messages and for the development of an individual. The skills required for intercepting the messages need to be such that the receiver and the sender need to operate together in a manner so that organisations do not have any problems with depicting the messages. Thus, it can be said that proper training needs to be provided to the people before delegating the tasks to encode or decode messages. One of the advantages that Belos model provides is the fact that the messages are precise and consist of codes. This is an advantage as the receiver can easily decode the comprehensive nature of the messages. The short messages can be easily understood and responses can be provided using any one of the channels of communication. Another advantage of this model is that it can help in the development of interpersonal communication skills. Practically this model can be applied to individuals seeking to improve their communication pattern at every level. For example, decoding the messages and presenting them to the people requires proper presentation skill. The skill level of every individual is analysed in a manner so that people can develop proper communication technique and ensure a successful career in the future. However, despite the advantages, Thill Bove (2013) stated that Schramms model could be used more effectively than Belos model for communication. Figure 1: Belos model (Source: Evans et al., 2017) To develop an effective system among individuals it is necessary to identify a proper source of communication. This source of communication can provide a systematic manner in which developments can take place in the communication system (Rentz Lent, 2013). To understand the communication systems in a proper manner it is necessary to use the Schramms model of communication. This model is effective as it helps to identify different segments that can be related to different components of communication. These components are important to maintain a steady flow of messages from a sender to a receiver. The sender transmits cryptic messages to the receivers so that the messages cannot be hacked by other people. The receiver then decodes these messages and the proper message is revealed. This form of communication is effective as organisations involved in such communication styles use internal facilities. Hence, Fleisher Bensoussan (2015) considers this as an ultimate model for communicatio n purposes. Schramm considered communication as a continuous process. Communication is one of the essential tools that people use to survive. Hence, the aim of the model is to ensure that communication between people is maintained in an effective manner. In this regard, it can be said that the model developed by Schramm can help in maintaining communication in every sphere of life. The benefit of this model is that this can help in developing the listening ability of individuals. This is mainly because the messages are provided in an encrypted manner and it is important for individuals to understand the message clearly so that it can be decoded in a proper manner. This model provides a continuous flow of messages from both ends and it is essential that the people taking up the roles of receiver and sender posses he abilities to be effective business scenarios. Figure 2: Schramms model (Source: Peleckien Polajeva 2016) Conceptual and behavioural skills needed Individuals need to apply theoretical as well practical knowledge so that they can develop their skills. The theoretical aspect can help in the understanding of a topic in a broader manner. A detailed analysis of a particular topic can be done so that individuals can gain in-depth knowledge about a topic. Similarly, the practical aspect can help in the development of experience. In the modern world, it is necessary that individuals remain experienced in different fields so that they can get proper jobs at organisations (DiSanza Legge, 2016). These can help individuals to understand the level of improvement required so that they can gain success in the business. The development of professional skills can help in understating the issues that individuals face. Thus, to mitigate this it is necessary to maintain both verbal as well non-verbal communications. The lack of skill of the individuals can be solved by practical implication of the models and carry out analysis using the communication tools (Argenti, 2015). It can be said that interpersonal communication between the individuals can be maintained with the help of proper analysis of the models. The emotion of people often forms a negative factor, as the mind is a strong organ in the human body. Hence, it can be said that misunderstanding can create a huge problem in the workplace. Sadia et al., (2016) is of the opinion that people with strong emotional competence and proper listening skills can have a successful career in business. This is mainly because both these characteristics are helping individuals to develop talents that can help in the development of a career. It has been seen that leaders and managers need to deal with the problems of the employees. Hence, it is important to maintain a proper soft skill so that the employees can be encouraged. The demand for the employees needs to be understood before taking any decisions that may hamper their progress. Communication issues can be solved by being confident and remaining aware of the surroundings. Learning non-verbal communication is not essential for most people, however, understanding the simple sign languages can help in the growth of an individual in a proper manner. Hence, it can be said that the manner in which people tend to develop the communication abilities depend upon the qualities possessed by the person. The communication skill tests can help in identifying the flaws, however, rectifying the flaws need to be done by the individuals using proper techniques. Action Plan After analysing the issues that exist in my method of communication, I have developed an action plan that can help me to continue to work effectively for my improvement. The action plan clearly identifies the issues and focuses on the ways to rectify it. For example, in order to develop a proper presentation, I need to develop my observational skills so that I can incorporate real-life experiences and relate it to the topic. I have been maintaining a journal entry that can help me to keep a record of the activities that I am undertaking and the development I have encountered in the past 6 months. Reflecting on my actions and progress can help me plan for a future course of action. Hence, the journal entry can help me to assess my talents and set up a timeline within which I aim to improve myself. To develop my talents I need the guidance of an experienced teacher. Hence, I had sought the help of Violet Dhu, to help me in improving my communication abilities. Mrs Dhu has over 15 years of experience dealing with people suffering from communication issues such as the inability to talk properly and confidently, remaining focused on one topic and so on. She is a Diploma holder in the professional field and had agreed to help in an eight-week communication-counselling course. The professional advice of Mrs Dhu can help me to identify the flaws that I have more vividly and help me to develop my communication skills. Apart from taking training classless from Mrs Dhu, I need to consult books that can help me to develop my communication skills. These books can be either purchased or referred to from any library and the internet. For the improvement of my skills, I have started reading books that deal specifically with communication issues. Some of the books that I have been reading include Active listening 101: How to turn down your volume to turn up your communication skill written by Emilia Hardman, 2012. Communication Apprehension, Avoidance, and Effectiveness by Richmond, Wrench and McCroskey, "Power Listening: Mastering the most critical business skill" written by Bernard, T. Ferrari, 2012. By reading these books, I have managed to understand the manner in which I can communicate with others. I can address my flaws such as the flaw in a presentation in order to ensure that I provide a quality presentation of any topic that leaves a long impact on the people. Apart from reading books, I have al so taken of evaluative classes that can enhance my knowledge and skills even further. I have taken up courses such as Diploma in Communication Management and Skills in managing people effectively using communication techniques. The advantage of these courses is that my issues of not trusting people or being nervous in challenging situations have been solved effectively. Activity January February March April May June Make a journal entry of the progress and activities Find a professor to guide me in my course Gain access to relevant books required for improvement Take up courses that provide authentic manner of communicating with people Table: Gantt chart (Source: Created by author) Reference Argenti, P. A. (2015).Corporate communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Cardon, P. (2015).Business communication: Developing leaders for a networked world. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Chaney, L., Martin, J. (2013).Intercultural business communication. Pearson Higher Ed. DiSanza, J. R., Legge, N. J. (2016).Business and professional communication: Plans, processes, and performance. Pearson. Evans, D. R., Hearn, M. T., Uhlemann, M. R., Ivey, A. E. (2017).Essential interviewing: A programmed approach to effective communication. Nelson Education. Fleisher, C. S., Bensoussan, B. E. (2015).Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press. Hampf, M., Mller-Pohl, S. (Eds.). (2013).Global communication electric: business, news and politics in the world of telegraphy. Campus Verlag. McQuail, D., Windahl, S. (2015).Communication models for the study of mass communications. Routledge. Peleckien, V., Polajeva, T. (2016). Towards sustainable entrepreneurship: role of nonverbal communication in business negotiations.Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues,4(2), 228-239. Popp, R., Raneburger, D., Kaindl, H. (2013). Tool support for automated multi-device GUI generation from discourse-based communication models. InProceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systemspp. 145-150 Rentz, K., Lentz, P. (2013).Lesikars Business Communication: Connecting in a Digital World. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Sadia, A., Salleh, B. M., Kadir, Z. A., Sanif, S. (2016). The Relationship between Organizational Communication and Employees Productivity with New Dimensions of Effective Communication Flow.Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies,2(2), 93-100. Shwom, B. G., Snyder, L. G. (2015).Business communication: Polishing your professional presence. Pearson. Thill, J. V., Bove, C. L. (2013).Excellence in business communication. Pearson. Tuna, G., Gulez, K., Gungor, V. C. (2013). The effects of exploration strategies and communication models on the performance of cooperative exploration.Ad Hoc Networks,11(7), 1931-1941.

Plaza Inn Essay Example

Plaza Inn Essay Bloomsburg University Bloomsburg, PA 17815 Course Outline 1. Date PreparedSpring 2005 2. Prepared By:Sonia Ammar Office: Sutliff Hall #218 Phone: (570) 389-4562 Office Hours: MWF 1:00-2:00 TTH 9:00-9:30 Web page: http://cob. bloomu. edu/ramin E-mail: [emailprotected] edu OR [emailprotected] com 3. Department:Department of Management 4. Course Number:93. 362 5. Course Title:Organizational Design 6. Credit Hours:3 7. Prerequisites:93. 344, Principles of Management 8. Catalog Description: This course discusses the difference between micro and macro perspectives in the study of organization and provides a macro view in which the organization is the unit of analysis instead of individual members. The course provides students with an in depth understanding of how organizations are formed and how external as well as internal factors influence the structure and design of the organization. In addition, it examines the variables contributing to designing and managing organizations. 9. Goals and Objectives: The course devotes to: 1. an understanding of the macro approach to organizations 2. an examination of contextual and structural variables 3. the investigation of organizational interdependency and control 4. designing organizational structures and processes: domestic and global/international 5. organizational change and decline 6. exercises in critical thinking, analyses, and synthesis 7. improvement of oral and written communication and presentation skills 10. Content Outline: Macro versus micro perspectives of organization: A historical perspective on the organizational structure and functions; Closed and Open system Organizations. Characteristics of Open System Organizations. Contextual Dimensions of Organizational Design: Internal External Environment; Mission-Goals-Strategies and Organizational Effectiveness Models; Size—Life Cycle—and Decline of Organizations; Technology; Organizational Culture. Structural Dimensions of Organizational Design: Formalization, Specialization, Hierarchy of Authority, Complexity, Centralization-Decentralization, Professionalism, and Personnel Ratios. We will write a custom essay sample on Plaza Inn specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Plaza Inn specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Plaza Inn specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Fundamentals of Organizational Designs: Types of Organizational Designs, Designs for Global Competition. Organizational Innovation, Change and Reengineering: Information Technology and Organizational Control, Culture and Ethical Values, Models of Decision Making Processes, Power and Political paradigm, Interdepartmental and Inter Organizational Conflicts and Relationships, Organizational Change and Development. 11. Methods:Lecture-discussion, Cases 12. Evaluation Procedures: a. Attendance: †¢ Regular attendance is required. Grades may be lowered if classes are missed without legitimate excuses (i. e. personal injury, family emergency, school sponsored activity). †¢ I expect you to be on time for class. †¢ I expect you to attend the whole class session. Don’t leave class early unless you informed your instructor ahead of time. b. Examinations:Two (2) Mid-term Exams will be administered during the semester. A term project in lieu of the final examination will be assigned. Following weights will be used for grading purposes: (provided as example) Unit Exam ([emailprotected] 25%)50% Term Project25% (20%+5% for the draft report) Presentation of the Project10% Cases Presentations* 15% Total 100% *End of the Chapter cases, as well as End of the Book Cases (Integrative Cases) will be assigned on the first meeting. c. Class Participation:Students are expected to attend all classes and participate in classroom discussions. Overall grades could be improved by consistent classroom participation. d. Assignments:Submit your assignment on time. If you fail to submit your assignment on time, the highest grade you can have for that particular assignment is a â€Å"B†. You will get an â€Å"F† if you fail to submit that assignment for the second time. e. Academic Dishonesty:Academic dishonesty will not be tolerated; it will result in failure of the class or the relevant assignment. Do not present other peoples work as your own except your team assignment. I consider resubmitting previously written projects, or signing the attendance sheet for another student to be an academic dishonesty. f. Grading Policy:The final grade for the course will depend upon the student performance on all required activities narrated in the evaluation procedures. The following scale will be used to record grades. : (provided as example) A= 95-100, A- = 90-94 B+= 87-89, B= 84-86, B-= 80-83 C+= 77-79, C= 74-76, C-= 70-73 D+= 67-69, D= 60-66 E= Below 60 13. Supporting Procedures: Required Text: Richard Daft, Organization Theory and Design, 8th Edition, South-Western, 2004.  ¦ A number of journal articles and/or cases may be used. The instructor will announce them in the class. Final Project Due on last day of class. This project will be done by a group of 5 students. This group will be formed during the first week of classes. Students will be expected to apply in this project the knowledge acquired in the entire course. Higher order learning such as critical thinking, integration and synthesis along with written and oral communication skills are to be applied and demonstrated through the project preparation, write up and presentation.. Each group will select an organization (organization selection will be done in consultation with the instructor). Students will conduct research and collect information on structural and contextual variables of the organization. Critical analysis and synthesis of the collected information will be the basis of your project report. The format of the final report must conform to the requirements of a research paper in management. Presentations: Quality Power Point presentations are expected. Students will be judged on the criteria of professional presentation (such as, clarity, courtesy, voice, inflection, eye contact, quality of language, dress, and the quality of visual material). Assignments and Group Presentations: | | | | |Date |Week |Material covered by |Reading Assignment |End of Chapter Integrative Case Presentations | | | |Instructor | | | |Jan. 1,13 |Week 1 | Intro, Team | | | | | | | |Formation | | | | | |Jan. 18, 20 |Week 2 |chapters 1 |chapter 1 | | | | |Jan. 25,27 |Week 3 |chapter 2 |Chapter 2 |Group1, S-S Technologies Inc. Page 39 | |Feb. 1, 3 |Week 4 |chapter 3 |Chapter 3 |Group 2, The University Art Museum. Page 76 | |Feb. 8, 10 |Week 5 |chapter 4 |Chapter 4 |Group 3, CC Grocery Stores, Inc. Page123 | |Feb. 15, 17 |Week 6 |chapter 5 |Chapter 5 |Group 4, The Paradoxical Twins:AcmeOmega. Page 163 | |Feb. 22, 24 |Week 7 |chapter 6 |Chapter 6Prepare |Group 5, Hugh Russel, Inc. Page 196 | | | | |for Exam | | |March. 1, 3 |Week 8 |Exam [1-6] ch-7 |Chapter 7 |Group 6, Top Dog Software. Page 232 | | | |March. 8, 10 |Week 9 |Spring Break | | | | | |March. 15, 17 |Week 10 |chapter 8 |chapter 8 |Group1, Integrative Case1. . Page 526 | |March. 22 |Week11 |chapter 9 |chapter 9 |Group2, Integrative Case 2. 0. Page 531 | |March. 29, 31 |Week 12** |chapter 10 |chapter 10 |Group3, Integrative Case 3. 0. Page538 | |April. 5, 7 |Week 13 |chapter11 |chapters 11 |Group4, Integrative Case 4. 0. Page 555 | | | |April. 2, 14 |Week 14 |chapter12 |chapter 12 |Group 5, Integrative Case 5. 0. Page 562 | | | |April. 19, 21 |Week 15 |chapter 13 |Chapter 13, |Group 6, Integrative Case 6. 0. Page 565 | | | | | | |prepare for Exam | | | | |April. 26 |Week 16 |Exam[7-13] | | | | | |May. , 5 |Week 17+ |Project Presentation | | | | | | | | |**Project update due, Preliminary Findings and the Draft Report | | | | |+Power Point Presentations of the Project Begins | | Your professor will re vise this syllabus if she deems changes are warranted!

Free Essays on Founders Of Sociology

I. MARX WEBER Weber, Max (economist) (1864-1920) German economist and social historian, known for his systematic approach to world history and the development of Western civilization. Weber was born April 21, 1864, in Erfurt, and educated at the universities of Heidelberg, Berlin, and Gà ¶ttingen. A jurist in Berlin (1893), he subsequently held professorships in economics at the universities of Freiburg (1894), Heidelberg (1897), and Munich (1919). He was editor of the Archiv fà ¼r Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik, the German sociological journal, for some years. Challenged by the Marxist theory of economic determinism, Weber combined his interest in economics with sociology in an attempt to establish, through historical study, that historical causation was not influenced merely by economic considerations. In one of his best-known works, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904-1905; trans. 1930), he tried to prove that ethical and religious ideas were strong influences on the development of capitalism. He expanded on this theme in The Religions of the East series (3 volumes, 1920-1921; trans. 1952-1958), in which he postulated that the prevailing religious and philosophical ideas in the Eastern world prevented the development of capitalism in ancient societies, despite the presence of favorable economic factors. II. EMILE DURKHEIM Durkheim, Émile (1858-1917), French social theorist, who was one of the pioneers in the development of modern sociology. Durkheim was born in Épinal, France, a descendant of a distinguished line of rabbinical scholars. He graduated from the École Normale Supà ©rieure in Paris in 1882 and then taught law and philosophy. In 1887 he began teaching sociology, first at the University of Bordeaux and later at the University of Paris. Durkheim believed that scientific methods should be applied to the study of society. He proposed that groups had characteristics that were ... Free Essays on Founders Of Sociology Free Essays on Founders Of Sociology I. MARX WEBER Weber, Max (economist) (1864-1920) German economist and social historian, known for his systematic approach to world history and the development of Western civilization. Weber was born April 21, 1864, in Erfurt, and educated at the universities of Heidelberg, Berlin, and Gà ¶ttingen. A jurist in Berlin (1893), he subsequently held professorships in economics at the universities of Freiburg (1894), Heidelberg (1897), and Munich (1919). He was editor of the Archiv fà ¼r Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik, the German sociological journal, for some years. Challenged by the Marxist theory of economic determinism, Weber combined his interest in economics with sociology in an attempt to establish, through historical study, that historical causation was not influenced merely by economic considerations. In one of his best-known works, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904-1905; trans. 1930), he tried to prove that ethical and religious ideas were strong influences on the development of capitalism. He expanded on this theme in The Religions of the East series (3 volumes, 1920-1921; trans. 1952-1958), in which he postulated that the prevailing religious and philosophical ideas in the Eastern world prevented the development of capitalism in ancient societies, despite the presence of favorable economic factors. II. EMILE DURKHEIM Durkheim, Émile (1858-1917), French social theorist, who was one of the pioneers in the development of modern sociology. Durkheim was born in Épinal, France, a descendant of a distinguished line of rabbinical scholars. He graduated from the École Normale Supà ©rieure in Paris in 1882 and then taught law and philosophy. In 1887 he began teaching sociology, first at the University of Bordeaux and later at the University of Paris. Durkheim believed that scientific methods should be applied to the study of society. He proposed that groups had characteristics that were ...

Nursing Occupational Stress Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Nursing Occupational Stress - Research Paper Example In recent years, humans are experiencing increased pressure not only in their everyday life but also at their work place due to the multifarious nature of their roles in the current society. The complexity and multiplicity of people's role and the ensuing stress that they are subjected to, have evoked the interest of researchers, and a considerable body of studies have accumulated on 'stress'. In the process of trying to explain the exact meaning of the word stress, scientists have offered a variety of differing definitions. Willner (1993) finds that "giving one definition to stress is rather problematic." If people are asked to define the word stress, they will all tend to give varying definitions of the same. This is because each individual experiences stress in a different way. Consequently, researchers who conducted studies on the subject offered different explanations of stress. According to Abouderie (1996), stress is "a complex experience, which has been explained and investig ated in various different ways and in general terms, and it originates from over-demanding situations." On the other hand, Hans Seleys (1936) defines stress as "an unspecified reaction of the body to the everyday pressure and needs which results in pleasant or painful outcomes." According to Richard (Please indicate the year of publication), the term stress is defined as "the state of anxiety constructed from an event or responsibility that someone cannot deal with." A more exhaustive explanation of the term can be found in the definition that "stress is commonly accepted as a mental, emotional, psychological or physiological disruptive condition resulting from excessive pressure being placed on an individual." (Deane, Chummun and Prashad 2001 and Occupational Hazards 2004). Stress can be the outcome of an anxious day at work or a terrible flight to New York. Hans Selye (1936) concludes that stress is "a way of life" and he goes beyond by saying that: "Everyone knows what stress is, but nobody really knows." What is work stress One of the most important types of stress common to the modern world is work stress. A study by Lehtinen, Haditaja and Hinkkanen (2003) concludes that "occupational stress was found to be the second most frequent occupational health problem which is affecting 28% of employees in the European Union." Consequently, occupational psychologists researched the field of occupational stress in order to prevent the negative impacts that stress causes at the workplace environment as well as to the individuals. In addition, researchers who examined the field of occupational stress identified the factors that cause it. Psychologists, after exhaustive research, find that "occupational stress was the psychological and emotional reactions that arise when employees experience an imbalance between their occupation demands and their capability and/or resources to congregate these demands." (Deane et al, 2001 and Bekker, Jong , Zijlstra and Van Landeghem 2000). In more simplistic terms, occupational st ress can be discerned as the pressure which an individual experiences in the workplace environment. PMI- measure of occupational stress There are also many synonyms used to replace the word

Journal entry on reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Journal entry on reading - Essay Example Although Polly is also a woman, she takes the role of a voyeur which is more observed in males than in females therefore, Godwin does not treat her as a woman in his earlier discussions. Later on, he shifts spectatorship from Polly to the audiences who are watching the narrator’s storytelling. At this point, he already considers the main character as an object, a role often taken by females. This shift is a parallel to the change of heart of Polly who finally came to the realization that the woman she admired was not at all what she has always imagined her to be. In the aforementioned analysis, the writer takes time in considering the symbolisms presented by Polly but he also mentions other interesting materials in the film to clarify his points. For instance, he explains that in the scene where the curator calls Polly’s photographs â€Å"The trite made flesh†, the camera was placed in front of the character not to superimpose how she would react to the comment b ut rather, Polly was made the object of spectatorship. She is not the observer anymore but she has become the person to be observed. This makes clear that Godwin is more interested in the symbolisms not only of the characters, their actions or the materials used in the film but also the placement of cameras. Indeed, shots are important factors to be considered in film analysis but to the writer, he effectively manipulates his mention of such element to bring further his discussions of his interest in the characters through another angle of vision. In the case of the curator, as a person who has embraced a job known to be dominated by males, she is said to be used as a representation of the males who are obviously minimally characterized in the film. The author then proceeds to link the curator’s position to male dominance by bringing to the picture her lesbian lover, Mary, who is also an artist. When Mary’s artworks were exhibited as the work of the curator, the artist , as a representative of female characters in fiction and real stories, is minimized to a sub-character. Meaning, Mary is placed behind the scene while her lover, a representation of the males, gets a magnified image. This is so because the curator is placed in the limelight as the artist who is applauded for a job well-done when in fact, she is not the artist. The analysis of Godwin resonate a lot of truths which are not just written with ink on papers but are generally observed. Indeed, even in this modern world where it is now observed that women can speak out their thoughts and feelings towards their male counterparts, there is still a great difference when it comes to being the object of gaze. Women may openly gaze at men and appreciate their physique but they are not as widely considered as men gazing at women. This means that time might have changed but the fact that the woman remains to be the object rather than the observer, is still more predominantly accepted. Considering the film where the characters are mostly women, one could just only imagine who would be the voyeur in a world of women then. The answer is quite obvious. The woman who has more grace and beauty attracts the gaze. This analysis of the writer is an eye-opener for viewers because one’s concentration is not just focused on the narration of the story but it also challenges the audience to look at the

Do Different Detergents Effect Plant Growth?

Do Different Detergents Effect Plant Growth? Somehow, though all life on earth has been created to be equally beautiful and unique in its own way, the plant kingdom is something that always has the most astounding of wonders, flowers that are synonymous with beauty, fields that personify heavenly scenery and gigantic trees that are only a minute reminder of natures infinite power, are just the beginning of a long list of the incredible sights that the green kingdom beholds. But as everything else in the world of today, these greeneries are also strongly hit by the one common and dramatically disastrous problem: POLLUTION! The contamination of the Air, the effluence of toxic waste in precious river and lake waters and toxic wastelands of precious soil deposits play pivotal roles in the degradation of these beautiful stores of life. Water pollution, however, is the hardest hitting of the lot, with effects ranging over a large span. The effects of water pollution are far-reaching and affect not only the environment, but human beings and animals as well. Water pollution affects our oceans, lakes, rivers, and drinking water, making it a widespread and global concern. Numerous diseases, health problems, and even fatalities have been associated with water pollution. Water is considered polluted when chemicals, pathogens, or contaminants are detected. Human beings have the most crucial impact on our water resources. They also have the ability to control or eliminate water pollution. Causes of Water Pollution Farmers often use chemicals to hinder bug infestations or other diseases from damaging or ruining their crops. They may also use chemicals to enhance the growth of their crops. Either way, these chemicals seep into the ground water or run off into lakes, creeks, or rivers, causing water pollution. Farmland that is irrigated and treated with chemicals in the form of fertilizers or pesticides is a major contributor to water pollution. Industrial processes produce toxic waste containing heavy metals. When heavy metals filter into water, they are fatal to marine life. Shellfish and fresh fish are staple menu items for people around the world. Humans are affected by the heavy metals ingested by the fish and shellfish, causing health problems and sometimes death. The heavy metals in water have also been linked to severe birth defects, a damaged or suppressed immune system, cancer, fertility problems, and developmental problems in children. The construction industry is the major fault for contaminating our water resources with cement, lubricants, plastics and metals. Rivers and lakes are also polluted from heavy silt or sediment run-off from construction sites. Ground water pollution occurs when chemicals, debris, garbage, oil or other harmful contaminants enter the ground water supply over time. Ground water is often a resource for our drinking water. If it isnt treated properly, those harmful elements can cause serious health issues for human beings and domestic animals. Natural catastrophes are the cause of water pollution effects as well. Major upheavals such as storms, earthquakes, acid rain, floods, and volcano eruptions have been known to disrupt the ecological system and pollute water. The growth of algae due to food items, feces, or urea in the water source is also a source of water pollution. When algae grow in water, it uses up more than its fair share of oxygen, causing other living organisms in the body of water to suffer. Certain types of algae can be fatal if they reach an algal bloom stage, otherwise known as brown or red tides. The process of contamination begins with tiny organisms called zooplankton and travels up the food chain through clams, birds, marine creatures, and ultimately, humans. These types of algae are considered toxic because they have been known to cause fatalities in humans. Even overgrowths of non-toxic types of algae can effectively block the sunlight from penetrating the waters surface, which makes it difficult fo r marine life to find food, causing eventual death. Littering on the land or on the water is a source of water pollution. Debris tossed onto land eventually makes its way into storm drains and then returns to surface water. Ships and boats discharging human waste or chemicals into the water directly are simply speeding up the pollution process. Industrial accidents that dump chemicals into the water kill marine life swiftly and within a short period of time. As the fish and plant life decompose, further water pollution occurs. Even sunken ships are a contributor to water pollution. As the ship corrodes and decays over time, those pieces of debris or chemicals are released into the ocean or freshwater lake. Once again, marine life is affected, which means humans who eat those fish or shellfish can be adversely harmed as well. Major Effects of Water Pollution The effects of water pollution are far-reaching and affect not only the environment, but human beings and animals as well. Water pollution affects our oceans, lakes, rivers, and drinking water, making it a widespread and global concern. Numerous diseases, health problems, and even fatalities have been associated with water pollution. Water is considered polluted when chemicals, pathogens, or contaminants are detected. Human beings have the most crucial impact on our water resources. They also have the ability to control or eliminate water pollution. The effects of water pollution are numerous. Some water pollution effects are recognized immediately, whereas others dont show up for months or years. Additional effects of water pollution include:  ·Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The food chain is damaged. When toxins are in the water, the toxins travel from the water the animals drink to humans when the animals meat is eaten.  · Diseases can spread via polluted water. Infectious diseases such as typhoid and cholera can be contracted from drinking contaminated water. This is called microbial water pollution. The human heart and kidneys can be adversely affected if polluted water is consumed regularly. Other health problems associated with polluted water are poor blood circulation, skin lesions, vomiting, and damage to the nervous system. In fact, the effects of water pollution are said to be the leading cause of death for humans across the globe.  · Acid rain contains sulfate particles, which can harm fish or plant life in lakes and rivers.  · Pollutants in the water will alter the overall chemistry of the water, causing changes in acidity, temperature and conductivity. These factors all have an effect on the marine life.  · Marine food sources are contaminated or eliminated by water pollution.  · Altered water temperatures (due to human actions) can kill the marine life and affect the delicate ecological balance in bodies of water, especially lakes and rivers. Our main aim is to reproduce our polluted environment by scaling it down to using instruments which are practical and feasible enough to use in any laboratory. Explanation of Research Question Do different concentrations of different detergent affect the growth of root and shoot in Vigna Radiata (Mung bean)? This question mainly addresses the topic of stunted growth of plants. Different detergents contain various powerful surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate. These detergents characteristically aggregate lipids and denature proteins. When detergents are absorbed by a plant, the detergents can cause cell membranes to collapse and membranes to function improperly. This can cause part or all of a plant to die. Depending on the various concentrations of these pollutants, the plant shows different levels of growth, ascending from the least growth in the most concentrated of solutions (0.5%) to the highest in pure distilled water. Our main aim, under this research question, is to find out the trends in growth affection of plants that are subjected to these detergents. Materials and Methods Materials Required Surf Excel Tide washing powder Test tubes Beakers Petri dishes Mung bean Cotton Dropper Capillary tubes Distilled water Detergents detergent cartoons, detergent cartoon, detergent picture, detergent pictures, detergent image, detergent images, detergent illustration, detergent illustrations Detergents have only been around for about 85 years, even though soaps have been around for about 3,000 years. Detergents were first produced in Germany about the beginning of World War I. Plants are one of four families in scientific classification. They differ from animals in that they have chlorophyll and cell walls in their cells. Detergent is defined as a cleansing substance that acts similarly to soap but is made from chemical compounds rather than fats and lye. By the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Modern detergents contain a chemical called a surfactant, which, defined by Word Net 1.6 is A substance capable of reducing the surface tension of a liquid in which it is dissolved. This allows the detergent to spread further, penetrate better and clean much more efficiently. With the addition of builders, which make the surfactants work much better. Detergents are used mainly for four different things: personal cleansing, laundry, dish washing and house cleaning. Detergent Popularity Detergents are far from being as old as soap, but today they are the best selling method of washing clothes and dishes. Detergent popularity has grown exponentially since around 1950. In between 1940 and 1972 the sales of detergents went from about 4,500 tons per year to around 4,448,000 tons per year. Detergents, as was stated, were first seen around the beginning of W.W.I. The exact year is 1916. They were first used Because of the war related shortage of fats. It was sold under the general name Nekal. The discovery of detergents was in part because the people where looking for a cleaning substance, that, unlike soaps, would not mix with the minerals in water to make a wax like residue called soap curd. They were not as high quality detergents as we have now, and were used mostly as wetting agents in textile work. The quality didnt change much in the 20s and 30s, with only minor enhancements. The sales for detergents really skyrocketed around the beginning of W.W.II, with a shortage of fats and oils needed to produce soap. The military badly needed a cleaning agent that wouldnt mix with the mineral rich waters to make soap curd. The breakthrough came at the end of the war in 1946. Up to then detergents were used for hand dish washing and washing sensitive clothing. The first all- purpose laundry detergent had surfactants and builders. The builders greatly improved the efficiency of the surfactants. By the end of 1950, soaps had almost been forgotten as a way to wash clothes and dishes, but were still used at the same time as detergents. Through the years, detergents have changed a lot. In the 50s detergents were used in dishwashers and for the laundry. They were adapted to be bleaches. Fabric softeners were also developed. In the 70s they manufactured liquid hand soap. In the 80s they made liquid dishwasher detergent, detergents for colder water washing and concentrated detergents. In the 90s they manufactured super-concentrated detergents and dishwasher gels. Detergents used: To counterfeit the pollution of natural water environments, we will use two different detergents, both of which use surfactant molecules, these have two parts. One is water loving and the other is water hating. The water-loving (hydrophilic) part breaks the surface tension of water. The water-hating (hydrophobic) part is attracted to oil and grease in soils, loosening and removing them from fabrics. Detergents usually contain more than one type of surfactant to address the needs of removing certain types of soils and cleaning different types of fabrics. The Mung bean is the name of the seed of Vigna radiata, an ovoid, greenish brown dicot which is native to parts of Bangladesh, Pakistan and India. The mung bean is one of many species recently moved from the genus Phaseolus to Vigna and is still often seen cited as Phaseolus aureus or Phaseolus adiates. These variations of nomenclature have been used regarding the same plant species. Plant Taxonomy Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Vigna Species: V. radiata History of Plant Originally from Asia, the Chinese have been growing mung bean sprouts (Nga choy or Nga choi) for approximately 3,000 years. Farmers grow them often with little machinery. After harvest they are left to dry on gravel roads. So the dust and dirt on your mung beans that you buy from the store is actually from a road in China. Today China and India are the main producers of mung beans; it is also grown in Australia. The mung is also popular in the Philippines where they call it Munggo. Climate and Soil Mung beans are mainly cultivated in China, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Burma, Bangladesh and India, but also in hot and dry regions of South Europe and Southern USA. In India and Bangladesh, they are grown during two seasons. One is the Rabi season (starting November), and the other is the Kharif season (starting June). Mung beans are tropical (or sub-tropical) crops, and require warm temperatures (optimally round 30-35 °C). Loamy soil is best for pusap cultivation. Nutritional Values Mung beans are a good source of Vitamins A, B, C E, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and amino acids. Mung beans contain 20% protein and are a good source of foliate and dietary fibre. Variables: Control Amount of sunlight received by seeds Levels of Oxygen and Carbon di-oxide supplied to seeds Species of viable seeds Temperature Amount of Solution use Independent The concentration of detergents in solution (0.1% to 0.5%) Dependent The length of the shoot in Vigna radiata (in cms) The length of the root in Vigna radiata (in cms) Procedure: Cover the base of 11 different petri dishes with cotton (10 + 1 control) Mark the petri dishes according to the percentage concentration of detergent in each (From 0.1% -0.5%) Separate the petri dishes according to the detergent used, 5 with Surf Excel, 5 with Tide powder and one control dish with distilled water. Place an equal number of Vigna Radiata seeds in each petri dish (10) Ensure equal amounts of sunlight and carbon di-oxide levels to each petri dish. Tend to the seeds for 10 days and calculate root and shoot growth of seeds in all concentrations at the end of that period.

Heart Of Darkness Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Did he live his life again in every detail of desire, temptation, and surrender during that supreme moment of complete knowledge? He cried in a whisper at some image, at some vision-he cried out twice, a cry that was no more than a breath: The horror! The horror!† What horror is Kurtz recounting as his final words? Truths lie inside the inner soul of all human beings, it is just a matter of when and where they will come out. Kurtz choose to let his be known as his passing words. An epiphany, a passing glimpse, the realization of what he has created and destroyed, willingly, or blindly going about hacking through the jungle blindfolded, searching for something of extrinsic importance. The narrator of Heart of Darkness never lets the reader know what Kurtz was speaking about. I believe Conrad wanted his audience to judge for themselves the importance of Kurtz’s words. Finding literal, as well as deeper meanings, in the novel becomes very apparent when basing the context of Kurtz’s words from a thematic standpoint. His word’s can be broken down on three levels: the first, dealing with the obvious literally sense of horror representing all the dead Africans, who died at the hands of the Kurtz in his lusty quest for ivory; the second, delves into an important theme relating to the book, which is human savagery, Kurtz must have realized he had become what he hated most; Lastly, on a abstract level, his finally word’s would have represented the society of European Imperialism that had molded Kurtz and formed him into a by-product of the mixture, which culminated together to create colonial, imperialistic attitudes. It is shear terror to imagine the magnitude of the scale on which atrocities of death, murder, and genocide had taken place against the Africans. Death is a very silent, dirty scene. Nobody has ever been able to recount their tale of death, for no doorway has been found that any person can use to return. Kurtz’s inner station was, responsible for gathering more ivory than all the other stations combined. This task, viewed on its own merits, is a tremendous accomplishment, showing Kurtz’s fortitude in achieving his goal. When the reader sees what methods are used to gather the ivory, the true nature of â€Å"the real cost† becomes apparent. The Africans were used as slaves, Kurtz’s own tribal followers, who obeyed each and every command he gave them, no m... ...d they became debtors if they wanted to remain on their land. Ah Yes, this wonderful company managed to turn quite the profit: by keeping costs low and selling at a high price, the economics were entirely in the hands of the company. Now, I know why they the phrase â€Å"business can be cutthroat† is used; probably because the Europeans would have done just that if their products did not move. The focus of profit superseded the focus on humanitarian value, and worker’s rights, leaving the company with a tattered image and large coffers, but at what price? Kurtz’s last words, was the summarization of Conrad’s whole critique on European Imperialism/Colonialism. My belief is Kurtz represented all that is European in nature, showed his true colours, as a snake sheds his skin during a time of change. Meaning, when Kurtz reverted back into a savage state the real nature of his person, personified as the European philosophy towards their true mission in African came out. The white sepulchre was destroyed, remaining was what was hidden previously: decay of a rotten society, with hollow values, and darkness that emulated in the light that blocked out all the rays of sun in the African’s lives.

Overcoming Foreign Language Anxiety

OVERCOMING FOREIGN LANGUAGE ANXIETY By Saranda Nuredini Instructor: Luiza Zeqiri Course: ESP Communication I January 2012 â€Å"Sweaty palms, shaking hands, dry mouth and muscle tension mean for many of us, that we are about to speak in public. Couple this fear of speaking in public with performing or speaking in another language and the success of the speaker may be dramatically compromised† (Leigh, 2009). By having to speak in a foreign language, the amount of fear in us grows and transforms into the feeling of anxiety, which is scientifically named as a Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA).The fear of dealing in a foreign language environment is most felt when a student must perform orally in some way but it can also occur when listening, reading or writing (Brantmeier, 2005). FLA has been the subject of many scholarly surveys and papers as overcoming it can lead to better and faster language acquisition as well as a much more pleasurable learning experience (Guess, 2007). Betwee n one third and one half of second language learners suffer from FLA (Von Worde, 2003; Randall 2007) and it is important to be aware that many of these students have not come up with a way to deal with their anxiety (Hauck & Hurd, 1991).This research paper aims to outline the causes and effects of FLA as well as the ways that help overcoming it. Despite the fact that Foreign Language Anxiety has been proven to be the main concern to the modern teaching environment, a progress has been noticed at the development of the overcoming strategies. The overcoming foreign language anxiety process includes strategies that can be implemented by the teacher, a tutor and the students. The causes of this kind of anxiety vary from the student itself.According to the article â€Å"Factors Associated with Foreign Language Anxiety†, there are variables like age, previous academic success or previous high school experience with foreign languages which may contribute to the fear of learning a fo reign language (Leigh, 2009). Nevertheless, the most common causes according to Ph. D. Renee Von Worde (2003) are the non-comprehension of the target language, speaking activities during language class and the public error correction by the teacher. Moreover, it is interesting to note that FLA occurs more commonly in mandatory language classes.This is because students who are not language inclined are ‘‘forced’’ to take them (Guess, 1997). Feeling insecure about the knowledge at a certain foreign language can have drastic side effects for the foreign language student. The extreme stress, the beating heart or clammy hands are the most common ones. There may also appear problems with attainment, preservation and production in the foreign language (Von Worde, 2003). According to Professor Von Worde (2003), â€Å"If anxiety impairs cognitive function, students who are anxious may learn less and also may not be able to demonstrate what they have learned.Therefo re, they may experience even more failure, which in turn escalates their anxiety†. In extreme cases, the student may even not show up to classes just to avoid speaking (Von Worde, 2003). If we could find and isolate what it is that makes us nervous, we could increase our learning abilities and have a more enjoyable learning experience (Leigh, 2009). Ideally, teachers can provide a learning environment that may reduce the fear associated with learning another language for their students (Guess, 1997; Von Worde, 2003).However, not only the teacher can help to the overcoming foreign language anxiety process. The question remains how someone can overcome their fears in language learning to develop language skills to their full potential (Leigh, 2009). There are implementable ways that beside the teachers, the tutor and the students themselves can use to reduce the anxiety and insecurity they feel. The methods and the behavior of a language teacher during language classes play a si gnificant role at the development of a student speaking confidence.There are several things that a teacher may do to decrease anxiety felt in the classroom according to Von Worde (2003): * Pick topics to teach that are relevant to the students. * Try and make the learning ‘‘fun’’. * Try to create a sense of community where the students feel more comfortable in front of each other. One suggestion made was to have the students sit in a circle. * Avoid calling on people or putting them on the spot. Besides the above mentioned suggestions, a teacher can take the initiative to create a â€Å"mistake happy zone†.Teachers can avoid correcting students during certain sections of the day (e. g. for 30 minutes we will talk amongst ourselves). In this way, students do not need to fear working on perfect grammar, but rather they can just talk without feeling judged. This allows students to get a feel for fluency and letting go (Leigh, 2009). A tutor can also be very helpful to its students when it comes to overcoming those language obstacles. By judging of the state of its student, a tutor has the freedom to choose which of the above mentioned suggestions will be used during the overcoming process.Although there may not be a classroom of students to whom the tutor is teaching, the one-on-one environment allows a greater sense of intimacy and a safer atmosphere (Leigh, 2009). Alongside to the teachers and tutors effort, the most significant role still remains the one from the student itself. According to Amanda Leigh, a student should take the following recommendations in action to â€Å"boost their self-confidence in speaking, reading and writing a language†: * Be aware of Foreign Language Anxiety- Knowing that you are not alone in feeling self-conscious or afraid of speaking in a foreign language is half the battle (Von Worde, 2003).Fear of speaking in front of people is normal and so is performing in another language, even if it i s just with your friends. * Set 4 or 5 SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, timely) language goals for yourself in your academic term- Attach numbers to your learning so that you can see your improvement. Make measurable goals and make sure that they are realistic. Do some research to see what level you should be at by end of your term in a different country. Do not expect to be bilingual on your return to your home country. Be prepared- If you are prepared for your class or presentation then you will feel more confident in front of people. Feeling more prepared makes you feel relaxed which allows for better communication and language skills (Guess, 2007). Prepare by going over your work or presentation at least twice reading, then at least twice out loud. Get someone to help proofread. * Maintain a positive attitude- Even though it may seem hard, try and have a positive attitude. Happy people will learn faster and have a more pleasurable learning experience (Bayer, 2 004).Smile. Make native speakers aware that you are happy to be corrected. * Do some research- Find out how other students handle their anxiety. Many of their suggestions may work for you. Look online or ask around. Alter their strategies so they work for you. By adopting some of these suggestions, there is a chance that a student will personally begin to overcome their foreign language learning fears. Students may choose to adopt one of these strategies and tailor it towards their needs until they find something that works for them (Leigh, 2009).To sum up, Foreign Language Anxiety has been labeled as an issue that should not be ignored and should be handled carefully. Therefore, the overcoming FLA process includes effort that should be made from the students as well as from the teachers and tutors. This will not only help students to overcome their fear and anxiety, but will also enable language teachers and tutors to reach a higher progress at their subject. In my opinion, the mai n goal of the overcoming progress should be to create a comfortable teaching environment where a speaking accent or grammar mistake will not mean the end of the world.As Guess claims, â€Å"the trick is to convince the students that discomfort is a good thing- that’s when the real learning process will begin. †. References Bayer, R. (2004). Benefits of happiness; Upper Bay Counseling and Support Services, Inc. Retrieved Jan 03, 2012, from: http://www. upperbay. org/articles/benefits%20of%20happiness. pdf . Brantmeier, C. (2005). Anxiety about L2 reading or L2 reading tasks. A study with advanced language learners. The Reading Matrix. Vol. 5, No. 2. Retrieved Jan. , 2012, from:http://74. 125. 95. 132/search? q=cache:4pmdX6G7bwJ:www. readingmatrix. com/articles/brantmeier/article4. df+reading+matrix. +2005+Foreign+Language+Anxiety&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=ca Guess, A. (1997, June). Overcoming Language Anxiety. Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved Jan. , 2012, from http://www. inside highered. com/news/2007/06/29/language. Hauck, M. &Hurd, S. (1991). Exploring the link between language anxiety and learner self-management in open language learning contexts. European Journal of Open, Distance and E- learning. Retrieved Jan 05, 2012, from: http://www. eurodl. org/materials/contrib/2005/Mirjam_Hauck. htm. Randall, K. (2007). Words fail me. The University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved Jan. 06,